The Difference Between Cleaning, Sanitizing, and Disinfecting: How to Stay Healthy This Flu Season
This article was produced by the Household & Commercial Products Association (HCPA), a proud Commit to C.A.R.E. partner.
As flu season approaches and COVID-19 remains a concern, understanding the difference between cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfecting is essential. The proper use of cleaning products, disinfectants, and sanitizers is crucial for maintaining healthy environments at home, work, and in public spaces like hospitals, restaurants, and schools. Safety is the top priority in the household and commercial products industry, and consumers can trust these products when used responsibly and according to label directions.
The Role of Disinfectants and Sanitizers During Public Health Events
During events like the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for disinfectants and sanitizers soared. These products, classified as antimicrobial pesticides, are rigorously tested to meet standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).
When used correctly, sanitizers and disinfectants can effectively kill bacteria and viruses. To make an informed choice, refer to public health guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), EPA, and state and local health departments. Helpful resources include:
- EPA’s Cleaning and Disinfecting Best Practices During COVID-19
- CDC’s When and How to Clean and Disinfect Your Home
- 6 Steps for Safe and Effective Disinfectant Use
Deciding When to Clean, Sanitize, or Disinfect
Ask yourself what you want to achieve:
- Do you need to remove dirt from a surface like a kitchen countertop or bathroom sink?
- Do you need to kill bacteria for a lasting effect?
- Are you working in a high-traffic area or specialized setting, such as healthcare?
Below, the table summarizes the purpose of each action, clarifying when to clean, sanitize, or disinfect.
| Action | What It Does | Registered By |
| Cleaning | Removes dirt and organic matter from surfaces using soap or detergents. | Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) |
| Sanitizing | Kills bacteria on surfaces but isn’t intended to kill viruses. | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
| Disinfecting | Kills viruses and bacteria on surfaces, essential for high-contact areas. | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) |
| Hand sanitizing | Effective against bacteria or viruses on skin. | U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
Understanding EPA Regulations for Cleaning Products
Certain pathogens are more challenging to eliminate than others. Emerging pathogens, such as new viruses, can pose higher risks as they linger on surfaces longer and contribute to disease transmission. For this reason, the EPA introduced the Emerging Viral Pathogens Policy, allowing certain disinfectants to claim efficacy against pathogens not specifically listed on product labels.
However, with so many product choices and conflicting online information, making informed decisions can be challenging. The EPA’s List of Active Cases Triggering the Emerging Viral Pathogens Policy is a valuable resource, providing an up-to-date list of disinfectants effective against specific types of pathogens. This resource offers guidance on effective products for flu season and beyond.
How to Use Cleaning Products Safely
- Read the Label: Always start by reading the product’s label, paying attention to proper use, application methods, safety precautions, and correct disposal.
- Contact Time: Allow surfaces to remain wet for the recommended time to achieve full efficacy.
- Avoid Overuse: Overuse of disinfectants can cause health risks and damage surfaces.
- Look for the EPA Registration Number: This ensures the product meets EPA safety and effectiveness standards for disinfectants and sanitizers.
We thank the Household & Commercial Products Association (HCPA), a Commit to C.A.R.E. partner, for providing this valuable content. As the premier trade association representing companies that manufacture, formulate, distribute, and sell more than $180 billion annually in trusted and familiar products across the U.S., HCPA plays a vital role in promoting cleaner, healthier environments.
Lastly, if you want to stay safe during flu season, read our Winter Health Guide: How Indoor Air Quality Can Protect You from Illness. Remember, the best way to stay healthy during flu season is to properly clean, sanitize, or disinfect high-contact areas and be mindful of indoor air quality.